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Copyright ©: the authors. When you use material from this site please mention the source. Prof.dr.ir. Taeke M. de Jong 2010-10-30 mailto:T.M.deJong@tudelft.nl

CHAIR TECHNICAL ECOLOGY AND METHODS (TEAM) Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance (see Fig. 1) of organisms (Andrewartha, 1961; Krebs, 1994; Begon, Harper et al., 2005). Scale This Chair studies them at different levels of scale simultaneously (see Fig. 2).

Fig. 1 States of distribution of 100 items in the same density (abundance) at one level of scale

Fig. 2 One million people in two states of distribution at two levels of scale (‘accords’ C30kmC10km ; C30kmD10km ; D30kmC10km and D30kmD10km).

Urbanism as a part of ecology focuses on states of distribution of human organisms, their artifacts, other organisms and their mutual impacts at different levels of scale.

RPD (1966)

Fig. 3 States of distribution R=100m

Fig. 4 State of distribution R=10km: dots of 1000 people each actual and future

Fig. 5 Accumulation, Sprawl, ‘Bundled Deconcentration’ R=30km

Fig. 6 State of distribution R=100km: dots of 10000 and 100000 people each; year 2000

Technical ecology concerns determining states of distribution by design. A designer draws a state of distribution (form) of every legend unit distinguished for the relevant scale (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 5). The scale of a drawing is named by a nominal radius R globally marking its frame in (supposed) reality. The smallest detail drawn (grain) is named by a nominal radius r. The ratio between frame and grain determines the resolution of the drawing r/R. Any scale (frame and grain combination) supposes a specific legend and scientific approach.

Mode Designing the form of a house or region (oikos) does not cause a probable household. It conditions possible households. So, study by design of possible futures combined with empirical research of probable contexts raises methodological questions about causes and conditions (see Fig. 11). The Chair Technical Ecology And Methodology studies legend units in urban design, their possible states of distribution (see Fig. 7) and their methodological suppositions (see Fig. 11).

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Fig. 7 Jong, T.M. de; Moens, R.; Akker, C. van den; Steenbergen, C.M. (2008) Sun wind water earth life and living legends for design (Delft) DUT Faculty of Architecture.

Fig. 8 Bach, B (2006) Urban design and traffic (Ede) CROW

Fig. 9 Jong, Taeke M. de; Dekker, J.N.M. ; Posthoorn, R.; eds. (2007) Landscape ecology in the Dutch Context, Nature, Town and Infrastructure (Zeist) KNNV Publishing

Fig. 10 Jong, T.M. de; Voordt, D.J.M. van der; Eds. (2002) Ways to Study and research urban, architectural and technical design (Delft) DUP Science

Fig. 11 Jong, T.M. de (1992) Kleine methodologie voor ontwerpend onderzoek (Meppel) Boom. Improved English version

Study and research of the chair are now focused on: A. Context analysis: possible, probable and desirable administrative, cultural, economical, technical and ecological future contexts. B. Impact analysis of urban design interventions within relevant contexts. C. Modeling mobility (change of distribution on different time scales) for urban design within relevant contexts.

Fig. 12 Future Impact of a metropolitan or regional design object in different contexts

CHAIR METROPOLITAN AND REGIONAL DESIGN This chair has been shared with Prof.ir. J.M. Schrijnen until 2006. We succeeded D.H. Frieling until Prof. ir. M. de Hoogh succeeded us. Globalisation reaches its final boundary: the planet. From Sassen (2001) we learn global power establishes now geographically, concentrating in a few metropoles only. Which of them will survive as focus of global management, culture and economy depends on local regional effort. The impressive heritage of Frieling, chairholder until 2003 comprises the Vereniging Deltametropool (Frieling and Venema, 1998), and lots of studies concerning this topic. Some 1000 actors in the field were brought together in Het Metropolitane Debat (Frieling and e.a., 1998) playing the game of negotiating about local projects composing a regional perspective that can survive within the triangle of London, Paris and Stuttgart. A decade of methodological and practical efforts by the chair is summarised by Frieling (2002). The concept of Deltametrool as a product of the chair was finally accepted by the Dutch Government as part of the National Plan in VROM (2001). The chairholders succeeding D.H. Frieling since October 2002 T.M. de Jong (theory) and June 2003, J.A. Schrijnen (practice) study concepts on a regional level of scale composed of civil and urban projects on local level. J.A. Schrijnen focuses on composing urban projects from economical, cultural and managerial perspective into a metropolis (regional socius), De Jong on impacts of civil Engineering and ecology (regional physics). Research and study of the chair are focused on: A. Critical design-research on actual cases (patterns and processes) and historical experiments (NNAO, HMD, Deltametropool). B. International comparison of types of conurbations, (R=10km), metropoles (R=30km), metropolitan regions(R=100km) and continental core areas (R=300km), their development and perspective. C. Study by design Deltametropool, components en details (Delta Design afstudeerlaboratorium). D. Design studies of local projects and regional concepts (Delta Design afstudeerlaboratorium). References Andrewartha, H.G. (1961) Introduction to the Study of Animal Populations (Chicago) University of Chicago Press Begon, M.; Harper, J.L. and Townsend, C.R. (1996) Ecology (Oxford) Blackwell Science Frieling, D. H. (2001) Remaking NL in: A. Graafland, H. Bekkering, H. d. Jonge, J. v. Bergen and A. L. Melis The Architecture Annual 1999-2000 (Rotterdam) 010 Publishers Frieling, D. H. (2002) Design in strategy in: T. M. d. Jong and D. J. M. v. d. Voordt Ways to study urban, architectural and technical design (Delft) DUP Science Frieling, D. H. and e.a. (1998) Het Metropolitane Debat (Bussum) Thoth ISBN 9068681893. Frieling, D. H. and H. Venema, Eds. (1998) Deltra Metropool. Verklaring van de wethouders Ruimtelijke Ordening van Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Den Haag en Utrecht over de toekomstige verstedelijking in Nederland (Delft) Deltametropool ISBN 90-76630-03-8. Krebs, C.J. (1994) Ecology The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance (New York) Harper Collings College Publishers Sassen, S. (2001) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (Oxford) Princeton University Press ISBN 0-691-07063-6 pbk URL www.pup.princeton.edu. VROM, M. v. (2001) Ruimte maken, Ruimte delen. Vijfde Nota over de Ruimtelijke Ordening 2000/2020 (Den Haag) SDU Uitgevers.